Lastly, our study was unable to evaluate some immune markers and cytokines previously linked to WNV infection such as IL-2, IL-4, IFN-B, TLR-3, IL-11, and IL-18 [4,32,35], as well as some previously linked to depression such as IL-18 and NFκB [27,60]. Here, IFNB1 is linked to major depressive disorder.