BAX and Insulin resistance: Exercise can inhibit the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in obese offspring [51], which is similar to our experimental results with the up-regulated anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, down-regulated pro-apoptotic protein Bax, and increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio (Figure 6), as well as the reduced expression of the proteins in hippocampal tissues associated with inflammation and insulin resistance upon the swimming intervention (Figure 4 and Figure 5).