TNF and allergic rhinitis: α-Pinene, the main component of SO, decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM), and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) levels, as well as eosinophil and mast cell infiltration in the nasal mucosa in an ovalbumin-sensitized allergic rhinitis mouse model [26].