HGF and medical procedure: A randomized trial was done to evaluate the effects of squalamine at 0.2% as inhibitor of growth factors (e.g., bFGF, HGF), combined with intravitreal ranibizumab at 0.5 mg in patients with macular edema secondary to vein occlusion, including branch retinal vein occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion, or hemicentral retinal vein occlusion.