SIRT1 [31,32] and SIRT6 [31,33] levels are decreased in lung tissues, airway epithelial cells, and blood outgrowth endothelial cells from patients with COPD and smokers compared to NS controls [29] and in response to CSE or oxidative stress in a monocyte-macrophage cell line and human bronchial epithelial cells [32,33,92]. The gene discussed is SIRT1; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.