A downstream effect of GLIS3 expression on reproduction (i.e., embryo development) cannot be excluded, as it has been reported to be involved in congenital glaucoma, hepatic fibrosis, polycystic kidneys, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, osteopenia, sensorineural deafness, choanal atresia, craniosynostosis, and pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. This evidence concerns the gene GLIS3 and polycystic kidney disease.