TGFB1 and neoplasm: TGF-β has a cardinal role as a negative regulator of the antitumor immune response by inducing differentiation of CD4+ T cells to Tregs, acting as a chemoattractant for MDSCs in the TME, inducing macrophage polarization to an M2 phenotype, promoting epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and excluding effector CD8+ T cells from the tumor parenchyma [71].