SPP1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Therefore, in this study, we investigate urine biomarkers, including NGAL, β2-M, KIM-1, L-FABP, OPN, and NAG, among children and adolescents with diabetes, in relation to obesity status, and suggest the most practical biomarker for predicting early renal injury in the pre-albuminuric stage.