CDKN2A and atherosclerosis: Many studies have subsequently confirmed the association with CAD and MI of the 9p21.3 chromosomal region, which contains two cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, CDKN2A (encoding the prototypic INK4 protein, p16INK4a) and CDKN2B (encoding p15INK4b), which are linked to both DM as well as the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by their role in inhibiting TGF-β-induced cell growth [10,73].