Therefore, we can conclude that B-cell activation via CD180 utilizes the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in SSc and may contribute to a pathological shift in BAFF signaling, particularly in naive B cells, which adds to our previous findings proposing that the anti-CD180 antibody therapy suggested in SLE may not be beneficial in SSc. This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF13B and systemic sclerosis.