IPMK and multiple sclerosis: The connection between IPMK and mTOR determined in these studies has since been observed in unrelated work on endocannabinoid receptor signaling, which found that IPMK was required for endocannabinoid receptor-induced mTORC1 activity in MEF cells, in the fungi Dictyostelium discoideum [91], as well as in primary lymphocytes from multiple sclerosis patients [92], thereby supporting a role for IPMK in mTORC1 signaling.