BAX and diabetes mellitus: This is an important report that exercise training attenuated the diabetes-induced Fas/FasL-mediated apoptotic pathway (FasL, Fas, FADD, cleaved-caspase-8, and cleaved-caspase-3) and attenuated the diabetes-induced, mitochondria-initiated, apoptotic pathway (Bax, tBid, Bak, Bad, cytosolic cytochrome c, cleaved-caspase-9, and cleaved-caspase-3) in the cerebral cortex, which implies that exercise training could prevent diabetes-induced cerebral cortex neural apoptosis.