Clinical observations have indicated that kisspeptin concentration in GDM women is lower both in the second and third trimester of pregnancy compared to those without GDM (second trimester: 4.51 ± 3.18 (GDM) vs. 10.33 ± 2.65 (controls) nmol/L; third trimester: 11.64 ± 7.65 (GDM) vs. 20.48 ± 7.60 (controls) nmol/L) [68]. The gene discussed is KISS1; the disease is gestational diabetes.