GCG and diabetes mellitus: The study demonstrated that patients with diabetes who used metformin, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists, and sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors had lower odds ratios (ORs) for developing dementia, even after adjustment for confounding factors, including other antidiabetic drug use.