Immune checkpoint molecules play an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis, and after T cell activation, inhibitory receptors such as CTLA-4 and TIM-3 play a key role in establishing peripheral tolerance and inhibiting T cell proliferation and function [31], and they can balance costimulatory signals and prevent effector T cells from being overactivated, thus avoiding autoimmunity [32]. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is Autoimmunity.