TNF and Insulin resistance: In addition, Durrer et al. (2017) found similar effects through HIIT, by subjecting diabetic and normoglycemic patients to a HIIT session and observing a reduction in tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), which is a group of cytokines associated with several metabolic conditions such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and insulin resistance, and TLR2, immediately after and one hour after training [16].