PDE4B and autism: Delhaye and Bardoni reported that the phosphodiesterases (PDEs) family played a major role in cAMP and cGMP production and was involved in neurodevelopmental disorders [65], such as depressive syndrome and autistic disorder, which was consistent with our results that PDE4B had 2.7-fold upregulation, on average, and also was involved in the hsa04024:cAMP signaling pathway (Tables S1 and S8).