No significant changes were observed in the expression levels of IGFBP1/3 while IGFBP2/4/5/6 showed significant upregulation in IPF lungs compared with donor lungs (3.9, 4.8, 5.6 and 6.4 folds, respectively) (Figure 3f–k). This evidence concerns the gene IGFBP1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.