Some studies have reported using CSCs derived from human or murine cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), or glioblastoma (GBM) cells; under in vitro spheroid culture, many factors regulate monocytes/macrophages in the supernatant, including CC-motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 2, CCL5, colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1, interleukin (IL)-13, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and periosteum proteins (POSTN). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.