TNF and prostate cancer: In prostate cancer, ADAM9 cleaves insulin β-chain, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, gelatin, β-casein, etc., and induces the shedding of epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2)-IIIB and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor.