For example, a retrospective chart review study conducted in Japan at five clinical centers just before the introduction of ICI monotherapy for advanced NSCLC reported a median OS of 10.1 months (95% CI, 7.3–14.4) and 6.9 months (5.6–10.0) from the start of first-line therapy for patients with squamous and nonsquamous (EGFR/ALK-negative or unknown) advanced NSCLC, respectively [11]. The gene discussed is ALK; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.