DPYSL5 and central nervous system cancer: The results can be summarized as follows: (1) in grade III–IV gliomas, the signal induced by 5-ALA can be detected in 32.7–75.5 percent of CRMP5-expressing tumor cells; (2) in the low-grade gliomas (grade II), the CRMP5-expressing tumor cells do not fluoresce following 5-ALA; and (3) 5-ALA-induced fluorescence was not detected in the areas with un-breached BBB.