GATA1 and acute myeloid leukemia: Indeed, the most common genetic factor associated with the development of AML is trisomy 21 [9].Germ-line mutations were found in families with a high risk of AML, suggesting a familial predisposition [10].DS patients also harbor a GATA1 mutation that, as broadly established, can lead to the development of a transient myeloproliferative disease (TDM), which commonly resolves without any treatment.