PTGS2 and neoplasm: To determine whether GPER and/or PPARs signaling pathways are engaged in the regulation of inflammatory and/or tumor formation processes in mouse MA-10 cells, and to check whether estradiol has an impact on this regulation, the expression of TGF-β and COX-2 was analyzed by western blot in cells incubated with estradiol, ICI, G-15, GW, and T00 alone and in combinations with either estradiol or ICI (E2+G-15, E2+GW, and E2+T00 or ICI+G15, ICI+GW, and ICI+T00 as shown in Figure 6A–C.