CX3CL1 and primary biliary cholangitis: Once various ligands, including microbial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bind to TLRs, cellular injury occurs through the proinflammatory nuclear factor-κB pathway and IL-8 and CX3C-chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) release, which facilitates the recruitment of effector lymphoid cells into portal tracts in the livers of PBC patients [87,88].