Of the 21 patients with encephalitis included in the study, 11 had antibodies against intracellular antigens (Yo, n = 2; Ma2, n = 1; CV2/CRMP5, n = 1; CV2/CRMP5 and Yo, n = 1; CV2/CRMP5 and Hu, n = 2; Zic4, n = 1; GAD, n = 2; and amphiphysin, n = 1) and 10 patients had antibodies against extracellular antigens (NMDAR, n = 4; Caspr2, n = 2; GABAbR, n = 1; GlyR, n = 3). This evidence concerns the gene ZIC4 and viral encephalitis.