NFKB1 and atherosclerosis: This is consistent with the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D, which counteracts NF-κB signaling in epicardial adipocytes, thereby delaying the progression of atherosclerosis, coronary remodeling, and ischemic heart disease [19], as well as potentially acting directly on cardiac myeloid cells, which express the vitamin D receptor at a higher level compared to other heart cells [11].