On the other hand, ROS-generated OS, along with NF-κB activation, also acts as an upstream signal for NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich family, pyrin domain-containing 3) inflammasome, an intracellular multiprotein complex that plays a central role in the innate immune responses and in the onset and progression of different NCDs, especially neurodegenerative diseases. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and neurodegenerative disease.