CCL2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Conversely, RT-PCR results demonstrated increased mRNA levels of mito-fission-related Fis1 and NOV/CCN3 in the adipose tissue of the control H.F.D.-fed mice (Figure 3F), an effect of obesity that was prevented in the adipose tissue of the Transgenic-adipo-PGC-1α mice fed a H.F.D. Moreover, the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL1β, and CCL2 in the H.F.D. group were increased (p < 0.05) compared with those of the Lean group (not shown).