Nrf2 also modulates the expression of mitochondrial proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) such as TFAM (mitochondrial transcription factor A) [71,73]; however, its mechanism is poorly explored in CKD models. The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is chronic kidney disease.