The activated NLRP3 inflammasome leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-a, IL-1, and IL-6; fibrogenic factors, such as TGF-β; and the further activation of pro-inflammatory transcription factors (NF-κB) [69], providing an important link between NASH, liver fibrosis, and the development of vascular damage and atherosclerosis [102]. Here, TNF is linked to atherosclerosis.