Tumor cell–derived IL-1β is essential for the formation of the protumorigenic microenvironment in pancreatic cancer, which promotes the activation and secretory phenotype of quiescent PSC, increases stromal accumulation of TAM, MDSC, CD1dhiCD5+ regulatory B cells, and Th17 cells, and decreases intratumoral infiltration and activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells [62]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and familial pancreatic carcinoma.