TNF and non-small cell lung carcinoma: IL-18 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor district, mostly produced by tumor cells, was associated with classical Th1 cell–associated cytokines (i.e., IFNγ, TNF-α, and IL-12) and contributed to the expansion of IL-18R+ CD8+ T cells expressing T-bet and IFN-γ within the tumor microenvironment [70].