Therefore, Zhou et al. engineered a “decoy-resistant” IL-18 (DR-18), which exerted potent anti-tumor effects in mouse tumor models compared with wild-type IL-18 by promoting the development of poly-functional effector CD8+T cells, decreasing the prevalence of exhausted CD8+ T cells, and expanding the pool of stem-like TCF1+ precursor CD8+ T cells. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.