NLRP3-dependent production of IL-1β and IL-18 bind their cell-surface receptors (IL-1R and IL-18R, respectively) expressed on a range of cell types induce potent NF-κB-dependent secondary cytokine about IAV induced inflammation and COPD exacerbation [33, 34]. The gene discussed is IL18R1; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.