Healthy chips exposed to nutritional deficiency upregulated Paneth cell markers (for example, MT1H, MT1M and MT1G all increased by ~2-fold), while EED chips exposed to nutritional deficiency exhibited further Paneth cell marker downregulation (specifically, ID1, SULT1E1 and MT1X were reduced ~2–2.5-fold). The gene discussed is ID1; the disease is nutritional deficiency disease.