Although AAV1-EF1α-tTAN travelled in both retrograde and anterograde directions and in turn labeled cells in DG, CA1 and subiculum, we observed specific labelling of CA3-targeted CA1 pyramidal cells owing to the local infection of AAV-CaMKIIα-tTAC in vCA1 (Supplementary Fig. 5b and c). The gene discussed is CAMK2A; the disease is infection.