CML is a rare hematopoietic stem cell disease wherein cells harbor the characteristic “Philadelphia chromosome” (Ph), resulting from a translocation between the BCR and ABL1 genes (Fig. 4a), forming the p210 or p190 isoforms of BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase which drive cancer cell proliferation55. The gene discussed is BCR; the disease is chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.