However, it was suggested that the mechanism of BoNT-A for the prevention of skin hyperpigmentation is its anti-inflammatory activity, which may affect various cytokines involved in pigmentary alterations, i.e., basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), interleukin 1α, and prostaglandin E2 [12,26]. The gene discussed is FGF2; the disease is hyperpigmentation of the skin.