TGF-β signaling is highly activated in experimental models and in patient biopsies of CKD associated with enhanced production and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components like collagens and fibronectins, contributing to the disruption of tissue structure and eventually leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with complete loss of function [12,13]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to chronic kidney disease.