Increased circulating levels of BCAAs (i.e., Val, Leu, Ile) have also been related to insulin resistance through the BCAA-induced activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the muscle and the direct toxicity of BCAA products, such as branched-chain ketoacids (BCKA) [51] (Figure 2). Here, MTOR is linked to Insulin resistance.