PPARGC1A and Parkinson disease: A fucoidan (48% total sugar content, 28% fucose content, and 29% sulfate content) isolated from Laminaria japonica Areschoug was revealed to improve mitochondrial respiratory function by upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α)/NRF2 pathway, in a rat model of PD induced by rotenone [230].