TARDBP and Alzheimer disease: Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (ADRD) historically depended on clinical features (“typical” symptoms, signs and course) and exclusion of other potential causes of cognitive decline, with identification of abundant plaque, tangle or other histopathologies such as lewy bodies and TDP-43 inclusions at autopsy being the gold standard method for definitive diagnosis.