Analysis of anti-PAD2 antibodies revealed an increased proportion of anti-PAD2 positivity in the MS (19.8%, 95% CI: 12.9%−29.1%; p = 0.007) and PTLD groups (13.9%, 95% CI: 10.3%−18.4%; p = 0.057) relative to the healthy controls (5.7%, 95% CI: 2.5%−12.8%; Table 1), with significantly higher median antibody levels in people with MS compared to healthy controls [median (interquartile range) of 1.96 (1.17–4.14) vs. 1.34 (0.78–1.98) anti-PAD2 AU; padj = < 0.001; Figure 2]. This evidence concerns the gene PADI2 and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease.