TFAP2B and Patent ductus arteriosus: In addition to chromosomal rearrangements, a single gene mutation can also cause syndromic PDA, including Noonan (PTPN11 mutation), Holt-Oram (TBX5 mutation), and char (TFAP2B mutation) syndrome (Satoda, M. et al., 2000; Pannone, L. et al., 2017; Vanlerberghe, C. et al., 2019).