TGFB1 and neoplasm: As seen in Figure 10, MS4As had a high concordance with prominent immune checkpoint molecules, including CD96, HAVCR2, IDO1, IL10, IL10RB, LGALS9, PDCD1, PDCD1LG2, TGFB1, and TGFBR1, suggesting their synergistic roles in regulating the immune response within the tumor microenvironment.