NFKB1 and rheumatoid arthritis: Many studies in rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease have demonstrated that VD regulates the inflammatory microenvironment of the diseases through enhancement of p38 MAPK pathway, inhibition of NF-κB signaling and regulation of prostaglandin pathway (Moreno et al., 2005; Yang et al., 2015; Ishizawa et al., 2017; Gil et al., 2018; Wen et al., 2018; Derakhshanian et al., 2019; Qian et al., 2019; Yao et al., 2019; Zhou et al., 2019; Cimmino et al., 2020).