AKT1 and Insulin resistance: Insulin resistance is a key risk factor and an important source of T2DM, the development of which involves the dysregulation of various signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/Akt, protein kinase C (PKC), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway (Yaribeygi et al., 2019).