STK11 and Insulin resistance: It has also been found to increase the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC1α), activate the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP), protein kinase (p-AMPK), and liver kinase B1 (p-LKB1), and reduce the adenosine monophosphate/adenosine triphosphate (AMP/ATP) ratio rate, thereby reversing fructose-induced insulin resistance (Li et al., 2020; Gong et al., 2021).