TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: Many SCFA-producers, including Anaerostipes, Blautia, Coprococcus, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Odoribacter, Roseburia, Ruminococcus and Sutterella, are reduced in patients with IBD and are associated with disease relapse and poor anti-TNFα response (Wang et al., 2018; Yilmaz et al., 2019; Ventin-Holmberg et al., 2021).