TGFB1 and diabetes mellitus: In the present study, we found that surgery increased fibrosis both in intrauterine adhesion mice and intrauterine adhesion mice with diabetes, and L. crispatus-pMG36e-mCXCL12 can significantly reduce the key proteins related to the TGF-β1/Smads pathway (TGF-β1, p-Smad2, p-Smad3), increasing the level of fibrosis-inhibiting protein MMP9, suggesting that this technique can prevent the development of intrauterine adhesions by inhibiting the fibrotic response.