PRODH and cancer: Although the presented mechanism for the switch between ATP and ROS production by PRODH/POX in mitochondria requires further study, it is partially supported by data showing that 2-methoxyestradiol, an inhibitor of collagen biosynthesis (Gelse et al., 2008), facilitates apoptosis and autophagy in certain cancer cells, e.g., adenocarcinoma cells (Theron et al., 2013).