NES and central nervous system cancer: Previous studies have been able to generate gliomas in the cerebral cortex parenchyma following virus injection into the cerebral cortex in the Nestin-Tva DIPG rodent model used in this present study, but not the Pax3-Tva model, due to the different locations of cells that express these proteins.25 However, hydrocephalus was reported after intracerebral injection in Pax-3 GEMMs, suggesting that the leptomeningeal disease and associated hydrocephalus is not just a consequence of this model’s use of Nestin-Tva expressing cells.